Facial plethora is a clinical sign indicative of which condition?

Facial plethora is characterized by a reddened or ruddy complexion, and it is particularly associated with Cushing syndrome. This condition results from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, either from endogenous overproduction (such as in adrenal tumors or Cushing disease) or exogenous administration (such as steroid medications). The excessive cortisol can lead to changes in blood flow and skin appearance, contributing to the distinct facial plethora observed in individuals with Cushing syndrome.

In contrast, conditions such as hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, and hyperthyroidism do not typically present with facial plethora. Hypothyroidism often leads to a pale and possibly puffy face due to fluid retention, while Addison's disease may present with hyperpigmentation rather than the reddened complexion seen in Cushing syndrome. Hyperthyroidism can cause changes in skin texture but is more commonly associated with features such as tremors and weight loss rather than facial plethora. Thus, facial plethora's association with Cushing syndrome makes it the correct condition indicative of this clinical sign.