What characterizes submassive pulmonary embolism?

Submassive pulmonary embolism is characterized by the presence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction without hypotension. In this context, the patient may demonstrate signs of myocardial strain or dysfunction due to the increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation caused by the embolism, but they maintain systemic blood pressure. This distinguishes submassive pulmonary embolism from massive pulmonary embolism, where significant hypotension is present due to the extent of cardiovascular compromise.

The absence of hypotension alongside the evidence of RV dysfunction is crucial for identifying submassive cases. Clinical findings may include elevated troponin levels, echocardiographic evidence of RV strain, and signs such as tachycardia and respiratory distress that point to RV involvement.

While the high mortality risk without treatment is notable in all forms of pulmonary embolism, submassive pulmonary embolism specifically necessitates prompt recognition and management before progression to more severe complications, underscoring the importance of early intervention. Understanding the nuances of RV function in this context helps clinicians gauge the severity of the embolic event, which is key for guiding therapeutic strategies.