What condition is characterized by episodic vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus?

The condition characterized by episodic vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus is Meniere disease. This disorder affects the inner ear, leading to symptoms that can vary in intensity and duration. The hallmark of Meniere disease is the occurrence of these symptoms in episodes or attacks, which can last from minutes to hours.

Episodic vertigo in Meniere disease occurs due to an accumulation of endolymphatic fluid in the inner ear, known as endolymphatic hydrops. This fluid buildup disrupts the normal function of the inner ear structures that are responsible for hearing and balance, resulting in not only vertigo but also sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Patients often report a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, which can precede the onset of an episode.

While labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis, and acoustic neuroma can present with vertigo and hearing issues, they do not encompass all three classic symptoms of Meniere disease in the episodic manner described. For instance, labyrinthitis often presents after a viral infection and is typically associated with more constant symptoms rather than episodic. Vestibular neuritis usually causes persistent vertigo without significant auditory symptoms, and acoustic neuroma is a