What does Hampton's Hump indicate in a clinical setting?

Hampton's Hump refers to a specific radiographic finding that is indicative of a pleural-based wedge-shaped infarct, typically seen in cases of pulmonary embolism. This appearance arises from the infarction of lung tissue secondary to occlusion of pulmonary blood vessels. The wedge shape is formed due to the vascular supply from the peripheral lung tissue, leading to central necrosis and the characteristic radiographic silhouette.

When assessing patients suspected of having a pulmonary embolism, identifying Hampton's Hump on imaging, such as a chest X-ray, can support the diagnosis. It is important to understand that this sign is part of a broader set of findings associated with pulmonary embolism and is not commonly associated with the other options provided, such as pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial obstruction, or cardiac enlargement, which would have different imaging and clinical findings.