What is the pathophysiology of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is characterized by idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head, which occurs due to temporary disruption of blood supply leading to ischemia. This condition most commonly affects children between the ages of 4 and 10 and presents with symptoms such as hip pain, limping, and decreased range of motion.

The term "idiopathic" is important here, as it indicates that the exact cause of the avascular necrosis is unknown, but it is associated with multiple factors, including genetics and environmental influences. The ischemia leads to bone cell death in the femoral head, which subsequently results in bone deformity and potential joint dysfunction if not addressed appropriately. Over time, the body attempts to repair the necrotic area, often leading to a process of revascularization and remodeling, but the nature of this recuperative process can greatly vary from patient to patient.

Understanding this pathophysiology is crucial for recognizing the symptoms and potential long-term consequences of the disease, as timely intervention can help improve outcomes for affected children. This information underlines the significance of early diagnosis and management in preventing complications such as osteoarthritis and femoral head deformity later in life.