What underlying condition is associated with G6PD deficiency in pediatric patients?

G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder, which means it is primarily inherited from carrier mothers to affected sons. This genetic condition is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene located on the X chromosome. In pediatric patients, particularly males, G6PD deficiency can lead to episodes of hemolytic anemia, especially triggered by certain medications, infections, or consumption of fava beans. Since the gene responsible for this deficiency resides on the X chromosome, females require two copies of the defective gene to express the disease, making males who have only one X chromosome more susceptible. This inheritance pattern is a critical aspect of understanding G6PD deficiency in children and reinforces the importance of recognizing it as an X-linked condition.