Which of the following is associated with adverse effects of hyperkalemia in patients on ACE inhibitors?

Potassium-sparing diuretics are associated with adverse effects of hyperkalemia in patients taking ACE inhibitors because both classes of medications can increase potassium levels independently. ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which leads to decreased aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone generally promotes the excretion of potassium in the kidneys. When used together with potassium-sparing diuretics, which also inhibit the secretion of potassium, the risk of hyperkalemia is significantly increased.

This combination can lead to life-threatening complications due to dangerously high potassium levels, particularly if renal function is compromised or if the patient has other risk factors for hyperkalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential in patients taking both ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics to prevent these potential adverse effects.

In contrast, while loop diuretics can lead to decreased potassium levels and NSAIDs may influence renal processing of potassium, they do not directly contribute to the risk of hyperkalemia in a manner similar to potassium-sparing diuretics when used alongside ACE inhibitors. Calcium channel blockers also do not significantly interact with potassium levels in this context. Therefore, potassium-sparing diuretics are the most relevant option linked to the adverse effects of hyperkal